American Head & Neck Society

Advancing Education, Research, and Quality of Care for the Head and Neck oncology patient.

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Published on December 5, 2019 by Andrew Nemechek

Service and Leadership

American Head and Neck Society – The Cancer Prevention Service

Image: Admiral William McRaven

November was declared National Veteran and Military Families Month. In November, we celebrate Veterans Day, a commemoration of the hundreds of thousands of men and women who have dedicated their lives and spirit leading in the defense of our country. At this Spring’s American Society of Head and Neck Surgery meeting in Austin, many of us listened to Admiral William McRaven with deep admiration as he described the many struggles, and successes, effective leaders experience in the course of a prescribed mission. He poignantly offered that the success of that mission, be it military, surgical, program-building, or overcoming life’s traumas depend on our vigilant attention to (seemingly) little things. His conclusion: every day, you must Make Your Bed. 

We all have the experience of participating in administrative discussions that focus on the “high-level view”, implying somehow that being in “the weeds” is too difficult, too dense, and that work in the weeds is better suited for foot soldiers than those that possess more stars and more years. I’m curious whether the current of endless meetings and their inefficiencies could be slowed if leaders spent more time in the weeds, making sure “the nail” is in place, so that the shoe, horse, soldier, battle, and war are not lost. Doubtless, teams can become bogged down in their detail-oriented efforts. How, then, do leaders provide the necessary balance that maintains and revisits the overall direction of a project and guides the day-to-day execution of its vision?

Our recent experience starting a service and outreach project might help to provide insight into such challenges. Similar to many other teams, we were fortunate to win support from the AHNS for our project that provides screening and clinical support services to the homeless in the Greater Denver area. We partner with a well-established shelter that helps many of its clients on a daily basis which has strengthened our efforts with follow-up in this highly transient population. In the past 18 months, we have evaluated more than 200 clients. From inception to the present, our team has led each other to meet predictable (and many unpredictable!) challenges. The following five points have helped achieve some of our successes and have guided our responses to our failures. Each is dependent on and independent of the other.

1. Invest in Human Capital: Successful leaders cast a wide net when building teams. Diversity is welcomed. Differences are discussed and celebrated. Commonalities among members are discovered and nurtured. Small, dedicated teams are formed that embrace a singular purpose. If practical, co-location is encouraged. Leaders make participation (volunteerism) easy, and recognize the importance of staff wellness. Our outreach team has experienced an overall improvement in regular job satisfaction (the fourth pillar of the Quadruple Aim in Healthcare.) Effective leaders consistently ask, “Who can best amplify change?” and amplify them.

2. Creatively Partner: Seemingly disparate groups when brought together offer unique experiences and resources that combine to create powerful synergies benefitting all involved. Our team partners with Father Woody’s (support organization for the homeless), App-based transportation services, the Colorado Coalition for the Homeless, multiple dental practices, our hospital system, our colleagues in multiple medical specialties, area schools, and others. Each of these organizations, in turn, leverages their resources to gain knowledge that informs their specific operational goals.  An excellent example of this process is Rush University Hospital in Chicago. That organization and its leaders have been recognized for their ability to understand the impact of social determinants of health has in their community and to partner with local and regional groups to create inclusive, sustainable, and culturally-competent investment opportunities that directly benefit at-risk populations. This process has been termed Place-Based Investing. A robust scale-up process has resulted in participation by a network 41 hospitals nationwide that purchase $50B worth of goods from their local communities and hold $150B in assets. Therefore, innovative leaders that recognize the potential of being service-oriented do so by consistently creating value directed towards advancing the social good.

3. Revisit “Mission” Frequently: It is easy for organizations to embrace “new” initiatives. Our culture frequently becomes enamored by the latest and greatest, dedicating its energy and resources to projects with short investment horizons. This results in many pilot projects being developed but that are not allowed to fully realize their potential. By revisiting one’s mission frequently, and messaging and living it effectively, service-oriented leaders help their teams create and maintain focus. Being agile within this focus, trying new things is important and challenging; creativity sparks innovation and productive disruption, but each new idea or experiment forwarded by the team must past the litmus test of being closely aligned with the original mission.

4. Anticipate Barriers: What are our blindspots? At times, our team has made the wrong assumption that others share the same ethos as we do about the project, especially because such projects are grounded in an effort to improve conditions for the marginalized. External political and economic forces reveal and forward their agendas which frequently aren’t aligned with ours. Good leaders search for alignment. Introspection reveals that we are all products of our personal history and are guided and biased by this narrative. The present state of instant digital connectedness skews our perception of time urgency: not every issue constitutes a burning platform. As such, our sense of patience has been lost. With respect to outreach and the advancement of social and healthcare equity, sustainable change truly depends on our honest answer to the question: Do we want to be Hero or Helper? We are reminded that policy does not happen to us; it happens through us, and that we must shape policy accordingly. Change psychology repeatedly demonstrates to us that impactful change can only move at the speed of trust.

5. Foster and Promote a Deep Sense of Gratitude: We lead clinical and administrative teams every day. Deadlines, inefficiencies, and crises demand our attention and take a heavy toll on our collective ability to recognize goodness even in the course of battle. However, we can choose to lead teams during these times with conspicuous gratefulness. Gratitude strengthens our posture and decision-making. Our team achieves a clarity of purpose that enables them to discern its purpose, weather overwhelming fatigue, understand loss, and to discover the vital resiliency needed to serve others. Apropos for this season of Thanksgiving, through gratitude, we are able to profoundly meet others in their story and humbly walk in their shoes.

The preceding discussion offers a few thoughts by one person that may serve to encourage ongoing dialogue regarding the relationship between leadership and service. The AHNS is certainly fortunate to have countless members engaged in impactful projects that forward its mission of mentorship and research leading to the contemporary, innovative, and vigilant care of our patients. The Cancer Prevention Service of the AHNS welcomes all comments from Society members regarding their individual experiences that could positively direct the Society’s efforts to design and implement initiatives that improve the health and wellness of our local and global communities.

For information on National Veteran and Military Families Month click here  or https://www.militaryfamily.org/november-is-military-family-appreciation-month/

 

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Andrew Nemechek

Andrew Nemechek

Dr. Nemechek earned his medical degree from the Tulane University School of Medicine, where he also completed his otolaryngology residency training. He received fellowship training in advanced head and neck oncologic surgery at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. Dr. Nemechek earned his Master of Science degree in healthcare delivery from the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College. He serves as the national medical director of the Head and Neck Tumor Program for the Sarah Cannon Research Institute, the cancer and research arm of HCA Healthcare. He also serves as the chairman of the surgery department at Swedish Medical Center in Colorado. In addition to his clinical responsibilities, Dr. Nemechek has a specific interest in designing healthcare delivery systems that shape system-wide policies vital to improving the health and wellness of at-risk populations.
Andrew Nemechek

Latest posts by Andrew Nemechek (see all)

  • Systemic Therapy for Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck - June 27, 2022
  • Service and Leadership - December 5, 2019

 

Published on November 26, 2019 by AHNS Office

AHNS Research and Education Foundation

The Research and Education Foundation is proud to support the AHNS’ research and education awards which provide opportunities for outstanding head and neck surgeons and surgeons in training.

Through the generous contributions of donors like you the Foundation is poised to build on our legacy of scientific excellence.

Please make your gift to the AHNS Foundation today and together we can continue to advance care for head and neck cancer patients.

This year, we encourage you to direct your donation to the Eduardo Méndez Diversity Fellowship or the area of greatest need.

Donations can be made online by clicking here or visiting the website:

 https://www.ahnsfoundation.info/donations/

Checks can be made out to the AHNS Foundation and mailed to: 11300 W. Olympic Blvd., Ste 600, Los Angeles, CA 90064

 

Published on October 30, 2019 by AHNS Office

Multidisciplinary Head and Neck Cancers Symposium

The Multidisciplinary Head and Neck Cancers Symposium, Expanding Treatment Horizons to include all-digital posters and expert hours.

Be sure to register here by December 4 for the Multidisciplinary Head and Neck Cancers Symposium to take advantage of the early-bird rates. 

This meeting takes place February 27-29, 2020, at the Westin Kierland Resort and Spa in Scottsdale, Arizona. 

2018 attendees called it “a truly interdisciplinary meeting” that provided “very relevant information on the management of head and neck cancers with updates on immunotherapy and new systemic therapies.”

MHNCS FEB2020 ArizonaThe top 30 posters will be highlighted in a new Poster Theater during an evening reception in the Exhibit Hall.

The program also includes an “Expert Office Hour” during lunchtime on Thursday. Attendees can join informal round tables where two experts will be available to discuss anything from career advice to a challenging case.

The Symposium is co-sponsored by the American Head and Neck Society, the American Society of Clinical Oncology, ASTRO and the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer. 

 

Published on August 26, 2019 by AHNS Office

Call for Abstracts – Submissions Open Now

Call for Abstracts

AHNS Call for Abstracts

AHNS 10th International Conference on Head and Neck Cancer
“Survivorship through Quality and Innovation” 
July 18-22, 2020
Hyatt Regency Chicago
Chicago, Illinois

Submit Your Abstract Now

 

Submission Deadline:
Friday, December 6, 2019, 5:00 PM PT

Abstract Submission Supporting Documents:

  • Manual for Abstract Submission Site

NOTE: ALL content authors are required to disclose any financial relationship(s) with an ACCME-defined commercial interest (“industry”). AHNS considers the presenter of a proffered paper to be in control of the content. Thus, employees and owners of commercial interests may not be the presenter for abstracts submitted to AHNS meetings.

Authors are asked to choose the topic that best matches the content of their abstract: 

  • Cancer Biology
  • Education/Care Delivery
  • Endocrine Surgery
  • Functional Outcomes/Quality
  • Hypopharynx/Larynx
  • Imaging and Screening
  • Immunotherapy/Systemic Therapy
  • Nasopharynx/Paranasal Sinus/Skull Base
  • Oral Cavity
  • Oropharynx/HPV Related Disease
  • Radiation/Adjuvant Treatment
  • Reconstruction/Microvascular Surgery
  • Salivary Gland
  • Skin Cancers

More information here: https://www.ahns.info/meetings/abstracts/

Published on July 6, 2019 by AHNS Webmaster

Dysphagia, Aspiration and Stricture

Andrew Coughlin MD, Aru Panwar MD, Carla DeLassus Gress, Sc.D., MS, CCC-SLP, Elizabeth VanWinkle MS, CCC-SLP

What is the condition?

Dysphagia refers to difficulty swallowing. While dysphagia can have many causes, often it results from scar tissue formation contributing to a narrowing in the throat or esophagus. Such a narrowing is called a ‘stricture’. Patients who experience dysphagia may also experience ‘aspiration’ which is a condition where food, fluid or saliva unintentionally leaks into the windpipe.

How common is it among patients with head and neck cancer?

Dysphagia is fairly common in patients with head and neck cancer and survivors. In one study of head and neck cancer patients, 45.% noted dysphagia, 10.2% noted stricture, and 8.7% noted aspiration pneumonia. In another study, 1 in 2 patients reported a decrease in their quality of life due to dysphagia.

Patients may experience varying degrees of swallowing difficulty due to effects of the cancer, its treatment, and treatment related side effects. For example, tumors may prevent food or liquid from passing from the mouth and throat into the esophagus. Surgery that removes tumors may also remove or damage tissues that are important for swallowing function. Radiation or the combination of radiation and chemotherapy can cause significant inflammation and mouth sores (mucositis) during therapy causing painful swallowing (odynophagia). Surgery or radiation may cause swelling (edema or lymphedema) or scarring (fibrosis) of the lining of the mouth and throat causing decreased swallowing function.  Scarring may become severe enough that a stricture develops (narrowing of the esophagus that blocks the passage of food to the stomach). Other common problems in head and neck cancer patients that may also cause swallowing problems including: dry mouth from radiation making food sticky, loss of teeth or poorly fitting dentures causing chewing problems, taste changes, and a loss or change of sensation which alters the way a patient eats.

 What are the signs/symptoms?

Signs or symptoms of dysphagia are highly variable. A patient can experience:

  1. Coughing or choking when eating or drinking
  2. Sensation of food getting stuck
  3. Food or liquid passing into or out of the nose with swallowing
  4. Decreased ability to chew or swallow solids
  5. Unintended weight loss
  6. Increased time required to eat a meal
  7. Effortful swallowing
  8. Difficulty swallowing pills or tablets
  9. Recurring pneumonias from aspiration

 Maintaining balanced nutrition and proper hydration is a top priority during and after cancer treatment in order to promote proper healing and recovery with minimal complications. Patients who have difficulty swallowing will often lose weight.  If food enters the breathing tube (aspiration) pneumonia or obstruction can occur.  If patients cannot maintain weight with nutrition by mouth or suffer aspiration, a feeding tube may be needed.

How is the condition diagnosed?

The presence of dysphagia can often be established through history of patient symptoms. To fully test swallowing function, additional tests may be ordered.

  1. Barium Esophagram: This is an x-ray test that can be used to identify narrowing of the swallow tube. A radiologist conducts this exam. Patients are asked to swallow a radio-opaque dye (barium) while x-ray images are obtained to evaluate for narrow areas or abnormalities of swallow function.
  2. Modified Barium Swallow: This is a test where the radiologist and speech pathologist assess your ability to swallow different food consistencies (thin liquids, thickened liquids, and solids) using x-rays like a movie. If you are found to have a swallowing abnormality, the speech pathologist will try to determine if there are ways to compensate for the functional loss (compensatory swallowing maneuvers). These maneuvers may improve your ability to swallow and prevent or reduce aspiration events.
  3. Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES): This is an office procedure where providers look directly at swallowing function using a flexible scope through the nose. It enables the clinician to directly identify where the food is going and where passage is difficult, while avoiding radiation exposure. Video recordings can be created, and these can also be used as a tool for providing interactive feedback to the patient regarding their ability or inability to swallow food and liquid.

How is the condition treated?

For patients treated with radiation or a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, studies have shown that continuing to use the muscles and to stimulate the tissues of the throat during treatment results in improved swallowing function. It is critical that you continue to eat and drink, to the extent that you are able, throughout the duration of cancer therapy. Doing so will keep the muscles strong and the tissues healthier. Your treatment team, which typically includes a dietician and speech pathologist, will assist you in determining which foods will be easiest to swallow. If they feel that swallow function is poor, they may recommend the use of a feeding tube in order to get enough calories. Even if a feeding tube is required, continuing to swallow and performing swallowing exercises is of the utmost importance.

If you develop dysphagia it is recommended that you  see a speech pathologist. These are individuals who are trained to test swallowing function, provide recommendations on a safe diet, and perform swallow therapy. Dysphagia therapy may involve a specific exercise program to regain strength and range of motion of swallowing structures, or training in the use of compensatory maneuvers to improve swallowing efficiency and prevent aspiration. Therapy may be short-term or require several months. Success is possible, and fortunately most patients are able to resume eating by mouth, though diet modifications may be required. Physical therapy and passive motion devices may help to alleviate a reduction in jaw opening (trismus) that is the result of radiation treatments. If a stricture develops, a camera examination of the food pipe and dilation in the operating room may provide significant improvement.

Long term, most patients do very well and resume a normal or near normal diet with appropriate therapy. However, some patients may experience long-term swallowing issues that impact the types of foods that can be eaten. A small percentage of patients have severe swallowing issues that necessitate the use of a permanent feeding tube. Scar tissue formation can affect swallowing function months to years after treatment is completed. Each patient is different and therefore diagnosis and therapy are determined on an individual basis.

When should I call my doctor?

Things that should lead you to call your doctor include:

  1. Inability to eat things that you used to enjoy
  2. Persistent coughing or choking on food
  3. Recurrent pneumonias
  4. New pain with eating
  5. Unexplained weight loss
  6. Unexplained change in the food consistencies that you can eat
  7. Decreased pleasure in eating

Where can I Learn More?

Patient learning module on Dysphagia. Oral Cancer Foundation

Swallowing Problems After Head and Neck Cancer. American Speech-Language- Hearing Association

References

Hutcheson, K.A. et al. 2-Year Prevalence of Dysphagia and Related Outcomes in Head and Neck Cancer Survivors: An Updated SEER-Medicare Analysis. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology and Physics , Volume 99 , Issue 2 , E342

Garcia-Peris P, Paron L, Velasco C, et al. Long-term prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in head and neck cancer patients: Impact on quality of life. Clin Nutr. 2007 Dec;26(6):710-7.

Rosenthal DI, Lewin JS, Eisbruch A. Prevention and treatment of dysphagia and aspiration after chemoradiation for head and neck cancer.  J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(17):2636-2643

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News and Announcements

  • World No Tobacco Day May 31, 2025
  • Journal Club May 2025 hosted by the Cutaneous Cancer Section for Skin Cancer Awareness Month May 23, 2025
  • AHNS YMCP Episode 11 – Melina Windon, MD, Janice Farlow, MD, Eric Gantwerker, MD May 8, 2025
  • Artificial Intelligence in Management of H&N Cancer: New Horizons Presented April 28, 2025
  • A conversation with Dr. Uppaluri: Neoadjuvant Therapy for Advanced H&N Mucosal April 25, 2025

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Boston Convention and Exhibition Center
Boston, MA

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